It never fails to shock me how a tip is demanded in the US. People simply refuse to listen to reason when we (yes, there are others!) tell them that leaving a tip isn’t necessary. Well, I’m hoping for too much here, but if you’re a waiter, here are 5 reasons why I will try my best not to give any money to you and why the reasons for tipping are crappy.
1. You act as if you’re my best friend
Just leave me alone ok? I don’t want to bloody chit chat with you. I want food. FOOD! Get it? It’s a restaurant. I go there to eat. I go because I want either Italian food, Chinese Food or something else which I can’t get in a McDonald’s. So I come to a restaurant to fulfill my cravings for it. I will pay for what I value – food. Not you.
Christ, you offend me – kneeling down next to my table, pretending to like me and chatting as if you’re my best friend when it’s obvious that all you’re after is the tip! I’m not a bloody money bag you know. I will pay the bill which includes the cost of the food, the environment and the salaries of the people involved – nothing more.
The only way to get money out of me that I don’t have to legally pay is by prying it out of my cold dead hands…
Bottom line: I don’t want to know your name, or interact with you for any longer than I have to in order to place my order. As far as I’m concerned, you’re the equivalent of a conveyor belt that brings me my food and a computer into which I input my order. Of course, I won’t be rude. But don’t expect me to interact with you any more than I would with some stranger.
Image Credit: cafemama
2. You don’t get paid enough
And this is my problem how exactly? It’s astonishing that customers are expected to make up for your employer’s cheapness in not paying you a decent wage. Please include the full cost in everyone’s bill thank you very much. I’ll pay it because I have to and the charge is there for me to see.
What’s really funny here is that no one seems to criticize the employers! All criticism is reserved for non tipping customers instead of the owners of the restaurant for not paying a decent wage. Wtf! Could it possibly be because you guys know you can make much more by tips and under report your income to the IRS?
3. You’ll spit in my food if I don’t tip you?
And I’ll shoot your kid if you don’t give me a million dollars. Seriously, am I even hearing this right? You’re actually using the threat of blackmail to make me pay you? Well as long as you’re openly claiming to be a criminal it’s all right I guess.
Fortunately that’s why I prefer buffets. Listen apart from it being illegal, this shows your poor integrity. But if you spit in someone’s food because they didn’t give you money you didn’t earn, then you’re a loser and deserve to be a waiter for the rest of your life.
4. Bringing me my food isn’t worthy of being paid extra
Did you cook it? Did you invent it? No. You picked it up and brought it to me. While it might not be easy, there are plenty of jobs which are much worse – shop floor workers for example. And I’ve been a shop floor manager, so I know. Face it – compared to other jobs, being a waiter is unskilled. You get paid what the market will think your services are worth. You don’t deserve more for your work over and above what your employer should pay you.
5. Money doesn’t grow on trees
I expect you to be grateful and pray for me at night if I tip you 10%. Be happy I gave you anything at all. I worked for the money in my wallet and by giving you some I didn’t have to, I’m doing you a favor. Learn to remember that when people give you something they don’t need to, it’s a favor. You don’t complain that they didn’t give you more!
By the way, the same thing above applies to all professions that demand tips including those on cruise liners.
So now that you understand why I won’t give you money you don’t deserve, stop with the “oh how could you?” attitude. I can. And I will.
Update: Here’s a rebuttal of the many silly justifications for tipping that people have given in the comments section.
I understand where this article is coming from…but unfortunately by not tipping this writer isnt changing societies dynamics hes just pissing people off. I’m sure all his meals after this will be AweSSome
I agree with the commenters who point out the ignorance of the poster about tipping (this is how it works, you tip based on how you think the server performed. Tips are customary so the way the system works in the US provides that food prices are lower and the server is paid more or less based on performance. It is an incentive. It doesn’t work this way in other countries and their pay structure is also different) but come on people. The racism in these comments is offensive. Don’t fight one wrong with a much worse one. Also, I have come across my fair share of ‘good ol’ white people’ who tip terribly too so what’s the point of making this a race issue.
In reply to Mae
It’s ok, I don’t mind really. While a lot of comments here are full of abuse and vitriol, I don’t judge Americans as a whole or…anyone for that matter. In fact, I can vouch that most people I’ve met in this country are incredibly polite and considerate. Something lots of us in a few other parts of the world need to emulate.
But I’d like to draw a distinction between “being polite” and tipping.
In reply to bhagwad
It is a custom in the US to tip. We have a minimum wage in the country of around 7.50/ hour. Servers maker about 4/hour. Without tips we would not have servers. If I were in Kuwait, and the custom is for me to wear a scarf around my head, I would be respectful enough of the customs to wear a scarf. In America, you should be respectful of our customs too.
In reply to betty grable
Wearing a scarf, using chopsticks, bowing etc are ethically neutral activities. It costs you nothing to follow those customs and if I were in those countries I would do the same.
But I’m pretty sure you wouldn’t participate in activities you fight repugnant regardless of the fact that it’s the “culture”. Like if I were to go to Saudi Arabia I wouldn’t mistreat women even though it’s the “culture”. I view tipping as not an ethically neutral activity. I view it as a bribe and a custom that costs me money.
So it’s not just “follow” the culture. There are many things I love about the US. Freedom of expression for example. But tipping? No. I just don’t agree with it.
In reply to bhagwad
Did you know that all tips are subject to income tax even if the waitress is ROBBED of her tip? In most states servers are automatically charged 10% of food sales for income tax purposes.
So when you don’t tip, the server has to pay for YOUR (lack of) tip!
Please try to assimilate or go to F*CK back to whatever shitty country you came from!!!
Asshole.
In reply to bhagwad
“But I’d like to draw a distinction between “being polite” and tipping.”
But under the first part of your own article you write – “Just leave me alone ok? I don’t want to bloody chit chat with you.”
Now, if a waiter is being polite with you without expecting you to leave him a big tip, then does being polite in return cost you any money ? Obviously, you have already decided that every waiter who is polite with you does so only to expect a tip from you.
“Like if I were to go to Saudi Arabia I wouldn’t mistreat women even though it’s the “culture”.
Really ? Please look up the meaning of “culture” before making such howlers of a comment. America has a huge number of crimes including murders and rapes which are easily more than ay other part of the world. Even if we don’t compare the numbers with other countries, still it has a huge crime rate. So will you say that it is American “culture” to murder and rape ? That’s plain stupid.
“It costs you nothing to follow those customs and if I were in those countries I would do the same.”
The bottomlime is that you are simply too tight with your money (something that is perfectly legal). And that is the sole reason for your decision of not tipping. Anything else that you use to explain your stand is useless.
In reply to Purple Cloud
“then does being polite in return cost you any money ?”
If only you had read the part of my article where I said I’m always polite to everyone including waiters. Hmm…
“So will you say that it is American “culture” to murder and rape ? That’s plain stupid.”
No, because murder and rape are not enforced by government laws and not accepted by the most Americans. Mistreatment of women in the Arab countries on the other hand is. And that is what makes it the “culture”.
In reply to bhagwad
“If only you had read the part of my article where I said I’m always polite to everyone including waiters. Hmm…”
Bingo! That’s where you prove that you make contradictory statements even while on the same topic. But wait… not everyone understands how that helps you to argue for each of those contradictions when someone questions you on either of them. :D
“No, because murder and rape are not enforced by government laws and not accepted by the most Americans. Mistreatment of women in the Arab countries on the other hand is. And that is what makes it the “culture”.”
If for just a second we agree to your howler (though I’m not saying that we do) that mistreatment of women in the Arab countries is enforced by the Arab government and accepted by the Arab people, please answer the following.
Suppose if you have to land in Riyadh (or any other Arabic city) for some important work. Then as soon as you land there, do the people expect you to mistreat women ? Will they be offended if you DO NOT mistreat a woman ? Will the Arabic law penalize you for NOT mistreating a woman ?
Kindly use some common sense (though it’s not so common these days) to understand what are you really comparing. A person may get offended if you do not wear a scarf (or any other local piece of cloth). A person may get offended if you eat with your hands instead of chopsticks. But do you really think that a person will get offended if you DO NOT mistreat women ???
I hope that you don’t because if you really consider mistreatment of women as the “culture” in certain countries, the only place you are likely to land up by following such a “culture” (even if you are in Saudi Arabia) is behind bars. :D
And since you define “culture” according to the law of the country concerned, it again contradicts much of what you have written in your article about western concepts.
“Real love you know is making your children marry whom you want and remote controlling them till you die.”
Do you think the law in India forces people to control their children’s lives ?
“Women were virgins, people were innocent, no one raised their voice, all elders were respected, and they peed milk and honey.”
Please enlighten us which Indian law enforces such weird ideas in order to label them as Indian “culture” ? If you can’t then your logic of law=culture is only fit enough for the trash can.
You so conveniently ignored my statement which pointed out the real reason for your not tipping. I can’t understand what makes you so embarassed to accept the fact that you are really too tight with your money to hand it out when it is not legally required.
In reply to Purple Cloud
“Bingo! That’s where you prove that you make contradictory statements”
Eh? What contradictory statements?
“Suppose if you have to land in Riyadh (or any other Arabic city) for some important work. Then as soon as you land there, do the people expect you to mistreat women ? Will they be offended if you DO NOT mistreat a woman ? Will the Arabic law penalize you for NOT mistreating a woman ?”
Lol. This is like saying as soon as you land are you expected to tip a server? No! You have to go to a restaurant first. Not allowing a woman to drive in Saudi Arabia is mistreating women. And if you don’t follow the law and encourage women to drive then yes – you are breaking it.
“But do you really think that a person will get offended if you DO NOT mistreat women ???”
Not just offended, but you’re a criminal. If you don’t mistreat women by encouraging them to wear what they want, then you’re helping break the law. Need I go on?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia
“Do you think the law in India forces people to control their children’s lives ?”
Did I say it was?
“Please enlighten us which Indian law enforces such weird ideas in order to label them as Indian “culture” ?”
I guess satire is lost on some people…
In reply to bhagwad
“Lol. This is like saying as soon as you land are you expected to tip a server?”
That’s why it often seems useless to discuss anything with you because you don’t even understand what is being talked about. You won’t be expected to tip a server as long as you are NOT being served. You will be expected to serve once you have been served by a waiter at a restaurent. Not just when you have landed in a country. Is it really that hard to understand ???
But you make it seem that once you are in an Arab country, you HAVE to mistreat women.
“And if you don’t follow the law and encourage women to drive then yes – you are breaking it.”
Once again you are running on an entirely different track from where the discussion lies. Your logic is that it is the law to mistreat women in Arab countries. So, according to that logic, it SHOULD be expected of you to STOP women from driving. NOT the other way round.
Going by the current discussion, I simply asked if the Arab law would penalize you for NOT mistreating a woman. But I guess you would not be able to understand what I’m referring to here.
“Not just offended, but you’re a criminal. If you don’t mistreat women by encouraging them to wear what they want, then you’re helping break the law. Need I go on?”
Obviously there is a certain disconnect between the circuitary of what is contained in the upper part of your head. I wouldn’t call it a brain exactly. You still don’t get what we re discussing here. You just seem to believe that the Arabs keenly anticipate someone to land in their country and expect them to start mistreating women. No wonder all the stuff you seem to know is based on things you have read on Wikipedia though never having been to any Arab country let alone staying there. But you are quick to ignore the abuses in this very thread and bring forth your own experience about Americans being extremely polite. But you will maintain as the ultimate truth about whatever you have read or heard about the places you’ve never been to.
As about the examples at the end of my last comment, I was simply referring to your logic of law=culture. Since you maintain it is Indian culture to control one’s children’s lives and the other weird stuff you mentioned in your article.
In reply to Purple Cloud
“You will be expected to tip once you have been served by a waiter at a restaurent. Not just when you have landed in a country.”
And you’re expected to mistreat women once you have a chance to do that. Is that really so hard to understand?
“You just seem to believe that the Arabs keenly anticipate someone to land in their country and expect them to start mistreating women.”
Just like…Americans expect someone to start tipping as soon as their feet touch the ground right?
“But you are quick to ignore the abuses in this very thread and bring forth your own experience about Americans being extremely polite.”
There are assholes everywhere. If I were to start judging the nature of a country by Internet comments…don’t get me started.
“Since you maintain it is Indian culture to control one’s children’s lives “
Actually this is true. It is Indian culture to have arranged marriages for example. It’s not the law, but it definitely is the culture. Not for everyone, but for enough to be called “culture”. Besides, again I guess satire is lost on some people.
In reply to bhagwad
Its funny because you probably never have served at a restaurant a day in your life. Your opinion is your opinion no wrong about that. But what I would say to you is to maybe just give it a try. Because it isnt just about grabbing food and taking it the guest. Most of the time your working with up to 3 to 5 tables at once and it takes many skills to keep up. Memorization, Multitasking, Communication, and Speed. You dont want a server that’s going take up to 5 minutes to bring you a drink or some condiments of some sort. Or maybe some server that cant give a sensible answer to your question. It takes a lot of motivation to serve because some of us servers aren’t just after the money, we also want to make sure you have a great experience and meal so you’ll come back. I am currently serving to get through college. Knowing I only get paid $ 2.15 an hour defiantly wouldn’t make me want to be up at 9 a.m. just to make someone who has had a horrible day happy. It takes a lot of work to do what I do, tips is only a plus to make work the way I work
In reply to bhagwad
In the U.S. it is a federal labor structure that we work under. We are “tip based employees” and federal minimum wage is $2.13 an hour. We pay taxes on a percentage of our sales (as assumed tippage)whether we actually make that money in tips or not. We also tip out to other employees. I’m certain that your apathy on this subject won’t change your mind about service workers, so I’ll just close with this: you’re entitled to an opinion- but that doesn’t make it a correct opinion.
All servers will now SPIT IN YOUR FOOD!!! Ha ha hah
You are an unbelievable piece of work. I am Canadian. Here in Canada the Government not the employer controls how much you make (less than minimum wage) because we are servers and the government assumes we make tips. So when assholes like yourself who don’t believe in tipping don’t tip us then there goes diapers for the week, or formula or that pair of glasses my daughter needed just because YOU think that tipping isn’t necessary. In North America asshole it is customary to tip. “To insure proper service”. Get it dickhead? If you don’t like tipping might I suggest you eat in a country where you aren’t required to you stupid piece of shit. Don’t come to our countries and not follow etiquette. Stay where you are douchebag.
In reply to Hates people like you
AMEN
Your opinions are not backed by any actual research having anything to do with the US government, workforce and labor laws, or laws to do with minimum wage. If it upsets you that much that our government (not us individual servers) expect you to pay for our wages, then order take-out. Almost every restaurant offers it. You can then get yourself the 5 refills of diet coke you require and clean up after yourself afterwards. Also #1 offended me as I am genuinely nice to people who I serve because I believe in being nice to people and sharing meaningful human contact. I have several regular customers who do not tip well, if at all, and I love serving them because they are sweet, genuine people. Not all servers are as fake as the ones you seem to encounter at whatever crappy corporate restaurants you seem to frequent. You are the fake one.
Every argument you make I have covered, in spades, long before you came along with this article.
http://guysworkblog.blogspot.com/2011/04/boring-technical-details-how-getting.html
http://guysworkblog.blogspot.com/2012/03/this-is-not-check-why-you-tip-waiters.html
http://guysworkblog.blogspot.com/2012/03/tip-or-stay-home.html
http://guysworkblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/why-waiters-should-not-earn-minimum.html
It all boils down to : Menu prices would be double what you see today, if any American full-service (i.e., “sit-down”) restaurants did it your way, and paid full wages (plus taxes, government fees, etc) to servers, and you would get much worse service from the type of people who are only qualified to work at the pay rate you suggest. That, and the system as is requires servers to pay taxes to the government (because tips are assumed here) plus tip-out to other employees (busboys, bartenders, etc) based on what you ordered from them, so you are literally costing someone – who performed a service for you – money out of their own pocket if you do not tip them. In short, in this culture and system, you’re nothing but a lousy thief when you go to a place that offers you BOTH food, AND services (that ARE NOT included in the price of the food) and you don’t pay for the service you received. If you want to only pay conveyor-belt fees, then only eat at drive-thrus or cook at home and you’ll be fine. Go anywhere else though, regularly, and you will eventually be treated as a thief by those who recognize you. I won’t personally spit in your food, but just WHAT would you do if you regularly saw someone whom you knew was stealing money from you every time you saw them? I realize that you don’t totally understand that this is in fact what you’re doing, so I’m just trying to teach you, not condemn you. So take your pick – pay %200 higher bills (because of the government and all the “middlemen” who must be paid if we do things your way), and much worse service as well, or only pay a %120 higher price by tipping properly? Actually, you don’t have a choice to make, because your opinion isn’t going to change the way a whole country does things. Your only real choices are to Tip or Stay Home.
In reply to Guy Malone
Oops I left off one more important one – the follow-up to the last link above
http://guysworkblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/would-you-like-fries-with-that-filet.html
This is a very important argument actually; please don’t reply to my comment without also reading it.
-g-
In reply to Guy Malone
Great blog! I am adding it to my favorites!
In reply to Angela
Thanks for the kind words Angela! Apparently dickwad didn’t like what he saw, and deleted my longer reply with the links I included that destroy his article. Thanks for reading, and subscribing. I hope to have it all out as a book one day soon. I know you won’t need to read it, but I’m mainly writing it for all the other dickwads out there. -g-
In reply to Guy Malone
Sigh. People are so paranoid. Your article was automatically marked as spam because it had so many links. I approved it now. Don’t worry – I’m not afraid of what a person might say or write. Enjoy!
In reply to Guy Malone
it’s ok, he keeps deleting my comments too.
In reply to Angela
You know there’s something wrong with your comments when the automatic filter keeps marking them as spam. Given the quality of the other things people have written here, you have to ask yourself – just how bad are your comments for that to happen?
Dude, keep your six bucks. I will still clear 80K this year working behind the bar. 40 Hours a week. Taking off time whenever I want. Because my job is amazing. And I am lucky enough to meet so many amazing people through my line of work. And don’t worry- you’re not one of them. Just keep wearing your ill-fitting old man sweatshirts, drink your endless cups of coffee and write your stupid blog. I’m gonna go have fun without you.
In reply to Angela
Haha! Well said and Good for You, Angela! I’d like your comment if this were Facebook.
In reply to Guy Malone
Uncivilized people. like the author of this silly blog(I didn’t even bother to look at him name, because really, who cares that much?) think that waiting tables is just taking an order, filling some drinks and dropping the check. Maybe that is because uncivilized people, like mr. blah-blah here, only deserve that type of service. This dude is not going to enrich my life in any way, is not going to add to my happiness in any way, is not going to want to make that connection-the human experience rather- so why even waste my time? He is just a grumpy. struggling writer who can’t find a publisher or an editor. Like, seriously dude? you’re a WRITER. How do you even make your money? I just googled your name, bagwad pak something, and you’re nowhere to be found. congratulations, bitterness claims another starving artist. Here’s a thought- get a job waiting tables. You will have more time to write and maybe you will become happier and your writings won’t blow! If wishes were horses, I guess.
If you go to restaurants where that shit happens, you are in the wrong restaurants. You prefer buffets? Food thats sub par at best cooking for hours over sternos with stupid fucks like you picking through it. mmmmm! Obviously you have shitty taste and would eat my cock and mistake it for chicken if it was deep fried.
In reply to Chris
Oh wow, I don’t think I have eaten at a buffet since I was old enough to make my food choices! Every time I think of buffet food, I think of Randy Quaid at the buffet in “Vegas Vacation”. Yuck!
I can almost see where you’re coming from, but upon deeper inspection, you’re, not an asshole.. I think you
1. We don’t want to talk to you either, if you’re an asshole. Any good or even decent server can know their audience. We only kneel down by a table and engage in coversation if the person is inviting and seems like they enjoy it (and so do we, if you are nice! It’s nice to talk to nice people at any job!) but chances are we can tell that you aren’t so nice so we just back off but STILL try and get you your food as fast and correct as possible so that you will appreciate the service and tip decently. Even if we can tell you are a huge douchebag, we will still do our best to provide fast correct service – maybe even faster, as we want to get you in and out of our table and make room for a nicer guest, possibly a family who actually came to the restaurant because they enjoy the atmosphere, food, and service.
2. No we didn’t cook your food, or invent it. But we got your order correct, input it correctly, and brought it to you when it was ready and still hot, all while we had 10 other tables of guests… like a juggling act. Your food could have got cold in the window. And when the people who cook it mess up (which happens sometimes) we are the ones that deal with you being mad and fix it for you, and ask a manager to come by and suggest they give you a discount, free dessert, or even comp your item (Yes, many times we are the ones that get that done for you, even when the managers dont care that much.)
3. When you order something and you just “dont like” it, even tho you knew what it was.. we are the ones that get it replaced for you, for free, and we don’t give you grief about it, even tho we explained the dish to you in the 1st place. You are now taking up more time in our section, and we know you are probably going to tip less even though it was your bad decision, but we are STILL nice to you. Because it’s our job and you having a pleasant experience is what you are tipping on.
4. NO ONE SPITS IN YOUR FOOD. I blame the movie “Waiting” for planting that seed in peoples head. Maybe in shitty towns and trashy restaurants that can happen, but not your normal A rated restaurants. I have worked at a ton of mainstream restaurants: California Pizza Kitchen, The Cheesecake Factory, BJ’s Brewhouse, and 3 Restaurants at the Disneyland Resort. If any of us even mentioned spitting in someones food we would be terminated. If we didn’t mention it we would be caught because someone would see, including at many times, the cameras. But more than that, we don’t do it because it’s disgusting and immoral and lowers us down to the asshole guest’s level. I don’t know where you live, or what kind of cheap establishments you go into to recieve your “non McDonald’s” food, but any restaurant I’ve worked in or go to has no risk of food-spitting-in.
5. Did you drinks get refilled? Stay refilled? Did you get that extra ranch for your salad you forgot to order? Did you get your food taken back and cooked more because it wasn’t crispy enough for you? Did you leftovers get packed up for you/did they we bring you a box? Did you table stay clean or did all your dirty plates and napkins stack up? Well guess what? We did that for you, or our busser did. Our busser which we tip at the end of the night for their service. Tips which we receive from guests.
6. Speaking of tips and bussers, guess what? We tip out our bussers for keeping your tables clean and helping fill your waters or teas. At some places we tip the front desk host for seating you promptly so that you aren’t waiting to long. That opens up a whole other can of worms: They work to organize seating charts and being efficient so that you wait as little as possible.
7. The reason your food is so affordable is because we work for minimum wage, and because of that, your service is good. Go to Australia or Japan or somewhere where gratuity is not customary. Not only is your food a little bit more expensive, but your service is decent to good depending on how strict management is. It is not great. It is not exceptional. People there are not working their asses off for tips so they don’t care that much. They are getting their same paycheck regardless of if they are mediocre or fantastic. Of course they will still risk losing their job if they treat you like shit and don’t get you thinks timely, but trust me, to them, your extra dressing will NOT BE THAT IMPORTANT.
7. This is the biggest point I have. Your main point is that you only come into our restaurants because you want our food only, not our service, because you can’t get our food at McDonald’s. WE UNDERSTAND! Everyone is entitled to our food even if they don’t like waiters or tipping. That’s why we have food to-go! Every restaurant has some kind of to-go window or you can just order it to-go from the waiter. If your food is correct and fast and they were kind do you, it’s still nice for you to give them a buck or two (or 10% if you’re a person of extreme integrity) but no one is going to really judge you if you don’t tip the take-out person, because as you said, “Bringing me my food isn’t worthy of being paid extra” and take-out food is the situation where that actually applies; when they are simply bringing you your food and utensils in a bag; not when you are being fully served at a table.
I can see that you are an intelligent person, maybe too much for your own good, as you are used to having these sort of enlightened epiphanies, and no one ever countering them, because you are usually right, but in this instance you may be misled, and I am not even attacking you, just trying to educate you. Unfortunately you are just making yourself look ignorant, and like you are rationalizing things so you can justify not tipping. Again, you don’t need to tip, but do yourself and us a favor and just get take-out. You have made it clear that you don’t care for our service, and you only care for the food, and in turn we can see we don’t care to have you taking up a table in our section where 90% of other people will be happy with our service and happy to tip- so everyone wins! Just get take out :)
-Brandon
This article is poorly written, rude and offensive. You write that other jobs are much worse, and that you’d know because you’ve been a shop floor manager, well have you ever been a waiter? Or are you more ignorant than your article already proves… You want Americans to be rude like you, try this… Get the fuck out of our country if you don’t like our customs, no one asked you to come. And why are you here anyways if you don’t like how Americans live?
Not to mention, many waiters are actually college students paying dor tuition or parents working second jobs. They often do have real jobs that pay well, sometimes unfortunate life scenarios like family illness requires more income. So the next time you undertip consider yourself throwing away a college students text books.
Bottom line.. You are IGNORANT,